I need help with laning

The main idea is the lane setup you are against. Now as far as I can count, there's 9 possible combinations of a lane you can have (counting only dual lanes) :

(left is your team, right is theirs, respectively green and red

1. Melee - Melee vs Melee - Melee

This lane is won by the team that both have a Stout Shield. Note : It is not absolutely necesary to upgrade to Poor Man's Shield on every hero, since the extra 6 agility does not benefit them (for example, you'll never see an Axe get Poor Man's Shield, he'll be content with the Stout Shield)

2.Melee - Ranged vs Melee - Melee

You are at an advantage on this lane, since your ranged hero (usually a support, but at lower level, yes, it could be a carry) can get in free hits on the enemy if they go for last hits, usually, 1 or 2 hits per attempt. But, some melee heroes are tough as nails (Yay for Bastion announcer) like Axe that can zone out an entire lane early thanks to Counter Helix or clockwork that can zone with Power Cogs and farm from a distance with Rocket Flare.

3.Ranged - Ranged vs Melee - Melee

Should be an easy win for your side, unless some shenanigans happen on the lane (though should not). Focus on last hitting and denying, and whenever they try going for the last hits, smack them around since you can both hit them quite reliably, and possibly you can chain them down (say Luna as the carry and Venomancer as the support)

4.Melee - Melee vs Melee - Ranged

You are at a disadvantage, especially if the enemy ranged hero is a support and focuses on harassing you out of the lane. You should act against the support, forcing him to blow his regen away quite fast, and only making favorable trades with the enemy. A Stout Shield if you are melee would help a lot.

5.Melee - Ranged vs Melee - Ranged

Quite equal. Will depend on the picks a lot most of the time, and the skills used. If up against a really spam heavy duo (spaming skills), then you should get a Magic Stick, will help a lot against their harass.

6.Ranged - Ranged vs Melee - Ranged

Better than the one above for your side, though the enemy can still fight back. Focus on last hitting and harassing their enemy ranged hero if he comes in to hit you. You can attempt a kill on the enemy if he's squishy enough.

7.Melee - Melee vs Ranged - Ranged

You have a problem. Stout Shields and Poor Man's Shields if you are melee and agility are quite necesary. You have to try to get easy last hits and easy denies, don't overextend for them. Try to ask teammates to stack in the jungle if you can flash farm somehow.

8.Melee - Ranged vs Ranged - Ranged

Good news. You have quite the chance to win the lane. It depends on your play style and on the picks you made, you could get an early first blood on the enemies if they are very squishy ( which they mostly are, since they are ranged, meaning they won't be a strength hero most likely, except Io), you can easily get it some easy hits and perhaps with a disable or two, a couple kills.

9.Ranged - Rangedvs Ranged - Ranged

This does not happen every day. The one that will win the lane is the one that plays smartest and the one that has the better picks or a better combination of picks. Again, purchases depend on the enemy like-up, you might need a Magic Stick if they are spam heavy, or some extra armor, mana and damage via Ring of Basilius.

Play bloodseeker to practice lasthitting and denying. His bloodbath makes it easy to deal with harass when you are lasthitting well. Place an anti gank ward in the forest to spot incoming enemies. Be more careful when enemies are missing from their lanes. When multiple enemies are missing, play very carefully. As with the backing up/tanking hits issue, check if the enemies have disables before taking any hits.

Again, I thank all of you for the suggestions and tips to try out and again I will attempt to execute them to the best of my abilities. The whole DotaFire community has been friendly, helpful, and appreciated, thank you.